Korehau Horohanga Needle Holder
Whakaahuatanga Poto:
1) Ka whakamahia mo te hono i te ngira korehau me te ngongo kohinga toto korehau.
2) I muri i te whakahoromatatanga, tena koa te whakamahi i te hua i mua i te ra paunga.Mehemea ka wetekina te potae whakamarumaru kua pakaru ranei, kaua e whakamahia.
3) He hua kotahi noa.Kaua e whakamahia mo te wa tuarua.
4) Mo to hauora, kaua e whakamahi i te toto kotahi ki tetahi atu tangata.
Ko te hitori o In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) me te whakawhitinga embryo (ET) i timata mai i nga tau 1890 i te wa he ahorangi a Walter Heape he rata i te Whare Wananga o Cambridge, Ingarangi, nana i whakahaere rangahau mo te whakatipu uri i roto i te maha o nga momo kararehe. , i korero te take tuatahi mo te whakawhitinga o te kukune i roto i nga rapeti, i mua noa atu i te wa i whakaarohia nga tono mo te whakatipu tangata.
I te tau 1932, i whakaputaina te 'Brave New World' e Aldous Huxley.I roto i tenei pukapuka pakimaero putaiao, i whakaahua pono a Huxley i te tikanga o te IVF e mohio ana matou.E rima nga tau i muri mai i te tau 1937, ka puta he tuhinga korero i roto i te New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM 1937, 21 Oketopa) e tika ana kia tuhia.
"Te whakaaro i roto i te karaihe mataaratanga: Ko te 'Brave New World' o Aldous Huxley kua tata ake ki te mohio. Kua timata a Pincus raua ko Enzmann i tetahi taahiraa i mua atu me te rapeti, ka wehea he ovum, he wairakau ki roto i te karaihe mataara me te whakato ano ki tetahi atu. atu i te mea nana i hoatu te oocyte me te mea kua angitu te whakatuu haputanga o te kararehe karekau.
I te tau 1934 a Pincus raua ko Enzmann, mai i te Laboratory of General Physiology i te Whare Wananga o Harvard, i whakaputa i tetahi pepa i roto i te Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, e whakanui ana i te tupono ka taea e nga hua maminga te whakawhanake noa i roto i te vitro.Tekau ma wha tau i muri mai, i te tau 1948, i tikina atu e Miriama Menken raua ko John Rock neke atu i te 800 oocytes mai i nga wahine i te wa e whakahaerehia ana mo nga momo ahuatanga.Kotahi rau e toru tekau ma waru o enei oocytes i kitea ki te spermatozoa in vitro.I te tau 1948, i whakaputaina e ratou o ratou wheako ki te American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Heoi, tae noa ki te tau 1959 i riro mai ai nga taunakitanga mo te IVF e Chang (Chang MC, Fertilization of rabbit ova in vitro. Nature, 1959 8:184 (suul 7) 466) ko wai te tuatahi ki te whakatutuki i te whanautanga i roto i te maminga ( he rapeti) na IVF.He wairakau nga hua hou-ovulated, in vitro i roto i te heki ki te parāoa kaha i roto i te ipu Carrel iti mo te 4 haora, na reira whakatuwhera i te ara ki te āwhina whakawhānau.
